Intracellular precipitation of Pb by Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 during the reductive dissolution of Pb-jarosite

Jarosites (MFe(3)(SO(4))(2)(OH)(6)) are precipitated in the Zn industry to remove impurities during the extraction process and contain metals such as Pb and Ag. Jarosite wastes are often confined to capped tailings ponds, thereby creating potential for anaerobic reductive dissolution by microbial populations. This study demonstrates the reductive dissolution of synthetic Pb-jarosite (PbFe(6)(SO(4))(4)(OH)(12)) by a subsurface dissimilatory Fe reducing bacterium (Shewanella putrefaciens CN32) using batch experiments under anaerobic circumneutral conditions. Solution chemistry, pH, Eh, and cell viability were monitored over time and illustrated the reduction of released structural Fe(III) from the Pb-jarosite to Fe(II). Inoculated samples containing Pb-jarosite also demonstrated decreased cellular viability coinciding with increased Pb concentrations. SEM images showed progressive nucleation of electron dense nanoparticles on the surface of bacteria, identified by TEM/EDS as intracellular crystalline precipitates enriched in Pb and P. The intracellular precipitation of Pb by S. putrefaciens CN32 observed in this study provides potential new insight into the biogeochemical cycling of Pb in reducing environments.