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Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Drugs and newborn.

Rocco Agostino¹, Andrea Pietravalle

¹Department of Maternal and Child Health, S. Giovanni Calibita Hospital, Fatebenefratelli, Rome. Rocco.Agostino@uniroma1.it

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians

|November 21, 2009

Summary

Neonatal drug therapy often lacks specific studies, risking adverse events. An interactive software tool was developed to improve medication management and reduce errors in newborn care.

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Area of Science:

Neonatology
Clinical Pharmacology
Health Informatics

Background:

Pediatric and neonatal drug therapies are frequently extrapolated from adult data, increasing the risk of severe adverse events.
The complex operational steps in drug administration present significant challenges for healthcare professionals, leading to potential errors.
Computer technology has demonstrated efficacy in reducing clinical errors across various medical fields.

Purpose of the Study:

To address the challenges in neonatal drug therapy management.
To reduce medication errors in neonatology through technological solutions.
To provide healthcare professionals with a tool for safer newborn medication management.

Main Methods:

Development of an interactive software by the Neonatal Therapy Work Group of the Italian Society of Neonatology.
Focus on aiding healthcare professionals in managing newborn therapy.
Utilizing computer technology to enhance drug administration processes.

Main Results:

The software aims to assist healthcare professionals in managing neonatal therapy.
It is designed to mitigate risks associated with adapting adult drug protocols for newborns.
The tool seeks to improve the accuracy and safety of medication administration in neonates.

Conclusions:

Interactive software can support safer neonatal drug therapy.
Technological solutions are crucial for reducing medication errors in vulnerable populations.
The developed tool represents a step towards optimizing newborn medication management.