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Related Concept Videos

Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of different...
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.

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A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles
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Published on: December 23, 2016

Redox-responsive vesicles prepared from supramolecular cyclodextrin amphiphiles.

Huacheng Zhang1, Wei An, Zhaona Liu

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.

Carbohydrate Research
|November 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Novel redox-responsive vesicles were created using supramolecular host-guest chemistry. These cyclodextrin amphiphiles form stable membranes and respond to oxidizing agents, offering potential functional applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Supramolecular chemistry enables the design of functional materials through non-covalent interactions.
  • Cyclodextrin amphiphiles are promising building blocks for self-assembled nanostructures.
  • Responsive materials are crucial for advanced applications in sensing and drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and characterize redox-responsive vesicles self-assembled by supramolecular cyclodextrin amphiphiles.
  • To investigate the formation, morphology, and stability of these novel vesicles.
  • To explore the potential of combining host-guest chemistry and membrane chemistry for functional applications.

Main Methods:

  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for morphology and size observation.
  • Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) for structural confirmation.
  • Cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV-Vis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for interaction and stability studies.

Main Results:

  • Novel redox-responsive vesicles were successfully self-assembled.
  • Vesicle morphology and size were characterized and influenced by host-guest ratio and solvent composition.
  • Host-guest interactions, complex stoichiometry, and 'tadpole-like' conformations were elucidated.
  • The vesicle system demonstrated responsiveness to oxidizing agents.

Conclusions:

  • Supramolecular cyclodextrin amphiphiles form stable vesicle membranes.
  • The prepared vesicles are redox-responsive, indicating potential for functional applications.
  • This work highlights the synergy between supramolecular host-guest chemistry and membrane chemistry.