Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...

Development of the Oral Microbiota

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...

Antibiotic Selection

Antibiotic Selection

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Neurodegenerative and inflammatory biomarkers are detectable in saliva in multiple sclerosis.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Whole genome sequencing reveals environmental pathogen misidentification and potential for cross-phylum antimicrobial resistance gene transfer in bovine mastitis: a pilot genomic study.

BMC veterinary research·2026

Same author

Safety and tolerance of infant formulas containing probiotics: a multicenter, randomised, controlled trial in healthy term infants.

Beneficial microbes·2025

Same author

Design and characterization of porphyrin-based photosensitizing metalloproteins integrated with artificial metalloenzymes for photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Journal of inorganic biochemistry·2025

Same author

The BAMBOO method for correcting batch effects in high throughput proximity extension assays for proteomic studies.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of live <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> CECT 7347 (ES1) and heat-treated <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> CECT 7347 (HT-ES1) in participants with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

Gut microbes·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage

Published on: January 27, 2019

Routine antibiotic use in preterm neonates: a randomised controlled trial.

A Tagare¹, S Kadam, U Vaidya

¹Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital, Rasta Peth, Pune, India. docamikast@gmail.com

The Journal of Hospital Infection

|November 21, 2009

Summary

Routine antibiotic use in low-risk preterm neonates did not reduce clinical sepsis incidence. This approach did not impact mortality or hospital stay but increased positive blood cultures in the control group.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage

Published on: January 27, 2019

Area of Science:

Neonatalogy
Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Clinical Microbiology

Background:

Preterm neonates possess immature immune systems, increasing their susceptibility to neonatal sepsis.
Early-life antibiotic exposure is a concern due to potential long-term effects on the microbiome and resistance development.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of routine antibiotic administration in preventing clinical sepsis among preterm neonates.
To assess the impact of routine antibiotics on secondary outcomes including positive blood cultures, necrotizing enterocolitis, mortality, and hospital stay.

Main Methods:

A part-blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted.
Preterm neonates admitted within 12 hours of life, without other infection risk factors, were assigned to either routine antibiotics or a control group (antibiotics only if clinically indicated).
Primary outcome was clinical sepsis incidence; secondary outcomes included positive blood cultures, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) stage II/III, death, and hospital stay duration.

Main Results:

Clinical sepsis incidence was similar between the antibiotic group (31.9%) and the control group (25.4%; P=0.392).
Mortality rates were equivalent in both groups.
The control group exhibited a significantly higher incidence of positive blood cultures (P=0.002).
Necrotizing enterocolitis and hospital stay duration were comparable across both groups.

Conclusions:

Routine antibiotic administration in low-risk preterm neonates does not appear to offer a protective effect against clinical sepsis.
The findings suggest that withholding routine antibiotics in this specific population may be a viable strategy, although careful monitoring for positive blood cultures is warranted.