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PMICALC: an R code-based software for estimating post-mortem interval (PMI) compatible with Windows, Mac and Linux

José I Muñoz-Barús1, María Sol Rodríguez-Calvo, José M Suárez-Peñaranda

  • 1Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, C/ San Francisco sn, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. joseignacio.munoz.barus@usc.es

Forensic Science International
|November 21, 2009
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Summary

Estimating time of death using vitreous humor chemistry is improved with PMICALC software. This R package uses Additive Models and Support Vector Machines for more accurate post-mortem interval (PMI) calculations.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Accurate post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation is crucial in legal medicine.
  • Previous methods using vitreous humor chemistry and linear regression yielded questionable results.
  • Advances in computational methods offer potential for improved PMI determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present PMICALC, an R package for estimating PMI in recent deaths.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of Additive Models (AM) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) for PMI estimation using vitreous humor analytes.
  • To provide a user-friendly tool for forensic practitioners.

Main Methods:

  • Vitreous humor samples analyzed for potassium ([K+]), hypoxanthine ([Hx]), and urea ([U]) concentrations.
  • PMI estimated using two regression models: Additive Models (AM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM).
  • PMICALC software developed in R, incorporating cause of death into calculations.

Main Results:

  • Both AM and SVM models provided more accurate PMI estimations compared to previous linear regression methods.
  • The PMICALC package offers numerical PMI expression with confidence intervals and graphic support.
  • Results are available within 20 minutes, improving efficiency in forensic investigations.

Conclusions:

  • PMICALC provides a significant advancement in post-mortem interval estimation.
  • The use of AM and SVM models enhances the reliability and accuracy of vitreous humor chemistry for PMI determination.
  • This freeware package offers a valuable tool for legal medicine, improving the accuracy and speed of time of death determination.