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High Resolution 3D Imaging of Ex-Vivo Biological Samples by Micro CT

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Quantitative image-based spectral reconstruction for computed tomography.

B Heismann¹, M Balda

¹Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany. bjoern.heismann@siemens.com

Medical Physics

|November 26, 2009

Summary

This study introduces an image-based spectral computed tomography (CT) method for accurate 3D imaging. The novel approach precisely quantifies spectral attenuation coefficients, improving CT accuracy without extra corrections.

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Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Physics
Computational Science

Background:

Computed tomography (CT) reconstructs 3D images using weighted x-ray attenuation coefficients, influenced by source, detector, and object properties.
Standard CT cannot directly measure the spectral attenuation coefficient, the quantitative ground truth.
Existing spectral CT methods often require corrections for system characteristics and object self-attenuation.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce an image-based spectral CT method that directly quantifies spectral attenuation coefficients.
To develop a generalized formulation for spectral CT algorithms, inherently handling beam hardening and system properties.
To validate the method's quantitative accuracy and precision across various applications.

Main Methods:

Developed an image-based spectral CT method expressing CT data as a spectral integration of the spectral attenuation coefficient multiplied by a local weighting function (LWF).
Introduced an iterative procedure, local spectral reconstruction, to derive both mass attenuation coefficients and the LWF.
Investigated applications including beam hardening correction, SPECT/CT and PET/CT attenuation mapping, and iodine density evaluation.

Main Results:

The method achieved quantitative accuracy in the subpercent to 2% range for ground truth reproduction across all tested applications.
An exponential convergence was observed, with 1-2 iterations providing a balance between accuracy and precision.
The LWF intrinsically accounts for system properties and object self-attenuation, eliminating the need for separate corrections.

Conclusions:

The proposed image-based spectral CT method enables accurate quantitative reconstructions.
Existing spectral CT algorithms can benefit from the intrinsic treatment of beam hardening and system properties.
The method facilitates novel algorithms for direct comparison of material models with spectral measurement data.