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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods01:21

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods

Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
Dose Response Curve: Conventional Versus Nonmonotonic01:21

Dose Response Curve: Conventional Versus Nonmonotonic

The correlation between a drug's dosage and its impact on a biological system is a cornerstone of pharmacology and toxicology. Conventional dose–response curves, which include graded and quantal relationships, are key to this understanding. Graded dose–response curves depict the spectrum of a biological reaction to different doses within an individual, indicating that as the drug dosage increases, so does the intensity of the response. On the other hand, quantal dose–response relationships...
Dose-Response Relationship: Overview01:03

Dose-Response Relationship: Overview

Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many biochemical processes at the cellular level and subsequently induce a pharmacologic response. The degree of response is directly proportional to the fraction of activated receptors, which in turn, depends on the concentration of the drug at the receptor site as well as the sensitivity of the receptor. An increase in the administered dose contributes to...

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Positron Emission Tomography-based Dose Painting Radiation Therapy in a Glioblastoma Rat Model using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform
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Dose spread functions in computed tomography: a Monte Carlo study.

John M Boone1

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of California, Davis Medical Center 4860 Y Street, Suite 3100 Ellison Building, Sacramento, California 95817, USA. jmboone@ucdavis.edu

Medical Physics
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that computed tomography (CT) dose spread functions (DSFs) have long-ranging scatter dose tails, impacting radiation dose distributions. These findings improve understanding of CT dosimetry beyond current CTDI methodology.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiological Sciences
  • Computational Imaging

Background:

  • Current CTDI dosimetry faces challenges due to wider x-ray fields in modern scanners.
  • A deeper understanding of CT radiation dose distributions is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate radiation dose distributions in CT using dose spread functions (DSFs).
  • To evaluate the impact of various imaging parameters on dose deposition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Monte Carlo simulations to compute DSFs in cylindrical phantoms (water, PMMA, polyethylene) of varying diameters (10-50 cm).
  • Simulated various x-ray spectra (80-140 kVp) and evaluated head/body bow tie filters.
  • Assessed dose in concentric regions and central/edge locations for comparison with CTDI100.

Main Results:

  • DSFs show biexponential falloff with long-range scatter tails.
  • Wider phantoms, higher kVp, and polyethylene materials resulted in wider DSFs.
  • Scatter-to-primary dose ratios (SPRs) increased with phantom diameter and were higher at the phantom center.

Conclusions:

  • DSFs exhibit long-range tails influencing dose buildup, particularly at the center with increasing scan length.
  • These findings offer improved insights into CT dose deposition trends.
  • Data on DSFs are available via EPAPS.