Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...

Oxidation Numbers

Oxidation Numbers

In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.

Properties of Transition Metals

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.

Oxidation of Alcohols

Oxidation of Alcohols

In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...

Redox Titration: Overview

Redox Titration: Overview

Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Hidden Charge-Order in the Mixed-Valent K<sub>0.75</sub>Li<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>6</sub>O<sub>12</sub> High-Pressure Oxide.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025

Same author

2D to 3D Magnetism in Synthetic Micas.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2024

Same author

Antipolar 2D Metallicity with Tunable Valence W<sup></sup> (5 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 5.6) in the Layered Monophosphate Tungsten Bronzes [Ba(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]W<sub></sub>O<sub>3</sub>.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2024

Same author

Ferromagnetic Mn<sup>3+</sup> Sawtooth Chains in A<sub>2</sub>(Mn<sub>2</sub>O)(SeO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (A = K, Rb) Quaternary Selenites.

Inorganic chemistry·2024

Same author

Ferrimagnetic and spin glass behaviour in SrMn<sup>2+</sup><sub>3</sub>Ti<sup>4+</sup><sub>14</sub>M<sup>3+</sup><sub>4</sub>O<sub>38</sub> (M = Ti and Fe) synthetic crichtonites.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2023

Same author

Multivalued Memory via Freezing of Super-Hard Magnetic Domains in a Quasi 2D-Magnet.

Small methods·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Development and Validation of Chromium Getters for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Systems

Development and Validation of Chromium Getters for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Systems

Published on: May 26, 2019

Reliable method for determining the oxidation state in chromium oxides.

Angel M Arévalo-López¹, Miguel A Alario-Franco

¹Department of Inorganic Chemistry. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28045 Madrid, Spain. gozdriov@gmail.com

Inorganic Chemistry

|November 26, 2009

Summary

Analyzing electron energy loss spectra provides a reliable method for determining chromium oxidation states in chromium oxides. This technique measures the energy difference between specific electron energy loss edges to quantify oxidation levels.

More Related Videos

Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation

Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation

Published on: March 15, 2017

U2O5 Film Preparation via UO2 Deposition by Direct Current Sputtering and Successive Oxidation and Reduction with Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen

U₂O₅ Film Preparation via UO₂Deposition by Direct Current Sputtering and Successive Oxidation and Reduction with Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen

Published on: February 21, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Development and Validation of Chromium Getters for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Systems

Development and Validation of Chromium Getters for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Systems

Published on: May 26, 2019

Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation

Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation

Published on: March 15, 2017

U2O5 Film Preparation via UO2 Deposition by Direct Current Sputtering and Successive Oxidation and Reduction with Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen

U₂O₅ Film Preparation via UO₂Deposition by Direct Current Sputtering and Successive Oxidation and Reduction with Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen

Published on: February 21, 2019

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid-State Chemistry
Spectroscopy

Background:

Chromium oxides are critical materials with applications in catalysis, pigments, and electronics.
Accurate determination of chromium oxidation states is essential for understanding their properties and performance.
Existing methods for oxidation state determination can be complex or limited in scope.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a reliable and accessible methodology for determining the oxidation state of chromium in chromium oxides.
To correlate electron energy loss spectra (EELS) with the chemical environment of chromium-oxygen bonds.

Main Methods:

Acquisition and analysis of electron energy loss spectra (EELS) from various chromium oxide samples.
Focus on the energy separation between the chromium L(3) edge and the oxygen K edge in the EELS spectra.
Utilizing the energy difference as a quantitative measure of core-level binding energies.

Main Results:

A clear correlation was observed between the energy difference of the Cr L(3) and O K edges and the oxidation state of chromium.
The methodology proved reliable across different chromium oxide stoichiometries and structures.
The energy difference serves as a sensitive indicator of the Cr-O bond characteristics.

Conclusions:

Electron energy loss spectroscopy offers a robust approach for precise oxidation state determination in chromium oxides.
The presented method, based on Cr L(3) and O K edge analysis, provides a valuable tool for materials characterization.
This technique enhances the understanding of electronic structure and bonding in chromium-based materials.