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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene01:15

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene

Chlorination and bromination are important classes of electrophilic aromatic substitutions, where benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give halogenated substitution products. A Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride or ferric chloride catalyzes the chlorination, and ferric bromide catalyzes the bromination reactions. During the bromination of alkenes, bromine polarizes and becomes electrophilic. However, in the bromination of benzene, the bromine...
Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism01:18

Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism

Birch reduction uses solvated electrons as reducing agents. The reaction converts benzene to 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The reaction proceeds by the transfer of a single electron to the ring to form a benzene radical anion. This anion is highly basic—it abstracts a proton from the alcohol to form a cyclohexadienyl radical. Another single electron transfer gives the cyclohexadienyl anion. A proton transfer from the alcohol forms 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Since this reduction occurs via radical anion...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
Structure of Benzene: Kekulé Model01:07

Structure of Benzene: Kekulé Model

In 1865, August Kekule suggested the structure of benzene according to the structural theory of organic chemistry based on the three assertions—formula of benzene is C6H6, all the hydrogens of benzene are equivalent, and each carbon must have four bonds due to its tetravalency.
He proposed that benzene has a cyclic structure of six carbon atoms attached to one hydrogen atom each, with three alternating pi bonds.

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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Efficient Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Benzenes in Water via Persulfate-promoted Benzannulation of α,β-Unsaturated Compounds and Alkynes
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Published on: December 16, 2019

Interfering pathways in benzene: an analytical treatment.

Thorsten Hansen1, Gemma C Solomon, David Q Andrews

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA. thorsten@chem.northwestern.edu

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum interference in molecular electronics enables new devices. This study analyzes quantum interference in benzene rings, interpreting transmission antiresonances as pathway or sidechain-induced zeroes.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular electronics
  • Quantum transport phenomena
  • Organic semiconductors

Background:

  • Off-resonant electron transport in molecular junctions is primarily governed by coherent tunneling.
  • Quantum interference offers potential for novel device functionalities in molecular electronics.
  • Understanding interference mechanisms is crucial for designing molecular electronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analytically investigate quantum interference in a benzene ring system.
  • To interpret the origins of antiresonances observed in electron transport through organic molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Application of a partitioning technique for analytical treatment.
  • Modeling electron transport through a benzene molecule in a metallic junction.

Main Results:

  • Quantum interference effects in benzene rings were analyzed.
  • Antiresonances in electron transmission were identified as either multipath zeroes or resonance zeroes.
  • Multipath zeroes arise from interfering spatial pathways within the molecule.
  • Resonance zeroes are analogous to those induced by sidechains.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum interference is a key mechanism in molecular electron transport.
  • The study provides a framework for understanding and controlling quantum interference in molecular junctions.
  • This understanding can guide the development of new molecular electronic devices.