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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Spinal Nerves: Anatomy01:23

Spinal Nerves: Anatomy

Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
There are 31 bilateral pairs of spinal nerves, each emerging from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramina—openings between adjacent vertebrae. These nerves are...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II

The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A Mouse Model of Direct Anastomosis via the Prespinal Route for Crossing Nerve Transfer Surgery
05:56

A Mouse Model of Direct Anastomosis via the Prespinal Route for Crossing Nerve Transfer Surgery

Published on: October 19, 2021

Intradural cervical root adjacent interconnections in the normal, prefixed, and postfixed brachial plexus.

R Shane Tubbs1, Diala El-Zammar, Marios Loukas

  • 1Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA. rstubbs@uab.edu

Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Intradural nerve root intercommunications are common, particularly between dorsal roots in the cervical and upper thoracic spine. These connections showed no correlation with variations in brachial plexus anatomy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroanatomy
  • Spinal Cord Anatomy
  • Brachial Plexus Anatomy

Background:

  • Intradural intercommunications between adjacent nerve roots are rarely documented.
  • The relationship between these intradural connections and variations in brachial plexus anatomy (normal, prefixed, postfixed) remains unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and patterns of intradural intercommunications between adjacent nerve roots.
  • To determine if these intradural connections correlate with variations in brachial plexus formation.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of 60 adult cadavers for brachial plexus type (normal, prefixed, postfixed).
  • Performed prone laminectomies of cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae.
  • Examined the dura mater for neural intercommunications between adjacent spinal nerve roots.

Main Results:

  • 28% of cadavers had prefixed and 5% had postfixed brachial plexuses.
  • 134 intradural interconnections were identified between C1 and T2 spinal levels, primarily between dorsal roots.
  • No correlation was found between the presence or location of intradural root communications and brachial plexus variations.

Conclusions:

  • Intradural nerve root intercommunications are a notable anatomical variation that may impact surgical interpretation and procedures.
  • The study found no association between these intradural connections and the anatomical variations of the brachial plexus.