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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
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Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
08:18

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Published on: May 16, 2025

Orbital asymmetry in development: an anatomical study.

Fernando Seiji1, Rafael Saviolo Moreira, Marco Antonio De Angelis

  • 1Federal University of Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, MG, Basic Sciences, Rua Geraldo Moacir Coelho 126, #104, Diamantina, 39100-000 Brazil.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Human orbital asymmetry is a normal anatomical pattern across all ages, with slight variations observed between genders and a tendency for the right orbit to be larger. This developmental asymmetry is a consistent finding in skull morphology.

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Area of Science:

  • Human anatomy
  • Anthropology
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Orbital asymmetry is a common feature in human skulls.
  • Understanding developmental patterns of asymmetry is crucial for anatomical and anthropological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the prevalence and characteristics of human orbital asymmetry throughout different developmental stages.
  • To quantify orbital asymmetry in terms of horizontal diameter, vertical diameter, perimeter, and base area.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 127 human dry skulls across four age groups (intra-uterine to 76 years).
  • Exclusion of skulls with trauma, malformations, or pathologies.
  • Photographic documentation and digital analysis using AutoCAD 2002 for precise measurements.

Main Results:

  • All analyzed skulls exhibited some degree of orbital asymmetry.
  • Asymmetry rates varied: VD (2.73%), HD (4.48%), area (4.77%), and perimeter (2.47%).
  • Females showed a predominant asymmetric rate, with statistically significant differences in newborns (p<0.05); the right orbit was generally larger.

Conclusions:

  • Human orbital asymmetry is a normal anatomical pattern, not indicative of pathology.
  • The study provides quantitative data on orbital asymmetry across the lifespan.
  • Developmental factors contribute to consistent, yet variable, orbital size differences.