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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Real-time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Respiration in Cytokine-differentiated Human Primary T Cells
06:55

Real-time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Respiration in Cytokine-differentiated Human Primary T Cells

Published on: October 19, 2021

Thyroid hormone effect on human mitochondria measured by flow cytometry.

Jan Kvetny1, Tobias Bomholt, Palle Pedersen

  • 1The Mitochondrial Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry Department of Clinical Pathology, Naestved Sygehus, Naestved, Denmark. jkve@regionsjaelland.dk

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Flow cytometry effectively measures mitochondrial function in human cells, revealing that thyroid hormones like 3,5-T(2) can rapidly boost mitochondrial membrane potential, offering insights into metabolic and endocrine disorders.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

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06:55

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Published on: October 19, 2021

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Measurement of Mitochondrial Mass and Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and T-cells by Flow Cytometry
07:57

Measurement of Mitochondrial Mass and Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and T-cells by Flow Cytometry

Published on: December 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and endocrine disorders.
  • Accurate measurement of mitochondrial function in human cells is crucial for disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate flow cytometry for measuring mitochondrial function in human cells.
  • To assess the impact of thyroid hormones on mitochondrial function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line.
  • Incubated cells with iodothyronines (T(4), 3'-3, 5-T(3), 3, 5-T(2)) and measured mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) using Tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) and flow cytometry.
  • Examined the effects of TRIAC and L-Carnitine on thyroid hormone-mediated mitochondrial responses.

Main Results:

  • Successfully measured MMP in human cells and demonstrated thyroid hormone effects via flow cytometry.
  • Bioactive iodothyronines significantly increased MMP.
  • TRIAC showed no effect, while L-Carnitine partially inhibited T(4)-induced MMP elevation.

Conclusions:

  • Flow cytometry is a valuable tool for assessing mitochondrial function and thyroid hormone effects in human cells.
  • Demonstrated an increase in MMP and a rapid, extra-nuclear effect of 3,5-T(2) on mitochondrial activity.