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Related Concept Videos

Upstream Processing01:27

Upstream Processing

Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
Scale-Up Processes01:14

Scale-Up Processes

The scale-up of microbial fermentation processes is essential in industrial biotechnology, allowing the transition from laboratory-scale experiments to commercial-scale production while aiming to maintain product yield and quality. This process requires meticulous adjustment of equipment design, process parameters, and contamination control strategies to accommodate increasing culture volumes.At the laboratory scale, cultures are typically maintained in 1 to 10-liter glass or autoclavable...
Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
Cell Culture01:21

Cell Culture

Most vertebrate cells grow in vitro attached to a substrate as a monolayer, called adherent cultures. The flasks and plates used to grow cells are chemically treated to facilitate cell attachment. However, a few cell types, such as hematopoietic cells, can grow in a suspension. In contrast to adherent cultures, suspension cultures can grow in non-treated cultureware using magnetic stirrers or spinner flasks to agitate the culture media
Designing Growth Media for Bioreactors01:30

Designing Growth Media for Bioreactors

Growth media provide essential nutrients that support cell growth and metabolism, thereby enhancing the yield of valuable products such as enzymes, antibiotics, and biomass. Designing an effective growth medium involves balancing all components to prevent nutrient limitations or toxic excesses, both of which can impair growth and reduce product yields.Composition of a Typical Growth MediumA typical growth medium contains carbon and nitrogen sources, salts, vitamins, trace elements, and...

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Cultivation of Mammalian Cells Using a Single-use Pneumatic Bioreactor System
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Published on: October 10, 2014

Engineering considerations for process development in mammalian cell cultivation.

Hu Zhang1, Weixiang Wang, Chunshan Quan

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia. hu.zhang@adelaide.edu.au

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian cell cultivation for protein therapeutics requires careful control of shear stress and mixing. Understanding these factors and utilizing scale-down reactors are crucial for optimizing cell growth and product formation in bioprocessing.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Bioprocess Engineering
  • Cell Culture Technology

Background:

  • Mammalian cell cultivation is vital for producing protein therapeutics.
  • Engineering parameters like shear stress and mixing significantly impact cell culture optimization.
  • Traditional understanding of shear stress damage may be overestimated, with nonlethal physiological responses being more relevant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical roles of shear stress and mixing in mammalian cell cultivation.
  • To discuss the impact of bubble dynamics on shear stress and cell damage.
  • To explore challenges in large-scale bioreactors related to mixing and their effects on cell culture.

Main Methods:

  • Review of engineering parameters, focusing on shear and mixing.
  • Introduction to scale-down reactors for addressing shear and mixing issues.
  • Brief overview of engineering characterization in various scale-down bioreactors.

Main Results:

  • Shear stress from agitation may be overestimated; nonlethal responses are key.
  • Cell damage is minimal during bubble formation/coalescence but significant in bubble burst regions.
  • Insufficient mixing in large bioreactors leads to heterogeneity, impacting cell growth and product formation.

Conclusions:

  • Scale-down reactors are essential tools for studying and optimizing mammalian cell cultivation.
  • Future challenges include high-density cell culture and stem cell applications for regenerative medicine.
  • Advanced techniques like computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and single-cell analysis are vital for future advancements.