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A systematic review of resident-as-teacher programmes
Andrew G Hill1, Tzu-Chieh Yu, Mark Barrow
1Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, New Zealand. ahill@middlemore.co.nz
Medical Education
|November 26, 2009
Summary
Resident-as-teacher (RaT) programs show high resident satisfaction and improved teaching attitudes. However, more rigorous studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness on medical student learning outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Health Professions Education
Background:
- Residents frequently serve as clinical teachers for medical students.
- Formal teacher training for residents has demonstrated positive outcomes in teaching skills.
- Effective resident-as-teacher (RaT) programs enhance resident teaching abilities, but key success factors require clarification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of RaT programs on resident teaching skills.
- To identify critical components of successful RaT programs.
- To explore assessment methods for RaT program efficacy.
Main Methods:
- A literature search was conducted from 1971 to 2008, including studies on improving resident teaching skills.
- Twenty-nine studies were reviewed by two independent reviewers using a standard abstraction sheet.
- Outcomes were assessed using a modified Kirkpatrick's model.
Main Results:
- Interventions included workshops, seminars, lectures, and retreats, with 26 studies using pre- and post-intervention comparisons.
- Subjective measures (self-evaluation, student/peer/faculty feedback) and objective measures (tests, performance evaluations, objective structured teaching examinations) were used.
- High resident satisfaction and positive changes in attitudes towards teaching were reported, alongside improved knowledge of educational principles, though bias risks were noted.
Conclusions:
- More rigorous study designs are essential to accurately determine RaT program effectiveness.
- Objective outcome measures are crucial for robust evaluation.
- Future research should investigate the impact of RaT programs on medical student learning achievements.
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