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Related Concept Videos

Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

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A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
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Cytomegalovirus Disease

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Related Experiment Videos

Cryptococcal meningitis with an antecedent cutaneous Cryptococcal lesion.

Ragini Tilak1, Pradyot Prakash, Chaitanya Nigam

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. raginijain29@rediffmail.com

Dermatology Online Journal
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis, a skin infection by Cryptococcus neoformans, can spread to the central nervous system. Early diagnosis via Gram stain or India ink can prevent fatal meningitis in HIV-negative individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Cutaneous cryptococcosis, caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, typically indicates systemic infection.
  • Primary cutaneous infection without systemic involvement is less common.

Observation:

  • A 17-year-old, HIV-negative boy presented with a chronic non-healing ulcer on his toe and symptoms of meningitis.
  • Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii was identified in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Findings:

  • The patient experienced recovery from both meningitis and the cutaneous ulcer following Amphotericin B treatment.
  • This case highlights primary cutaneous cryptococcosis with subsequent central nervous system (CNS) dissemination.

Implications:

  • Prompt diagnosis of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis using simple stains (Gram stain, India ink) is crucial.
  • Early intervention can prevent disseminated disease, including potentially fatal cryptococcal meningitis.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering cutaneous infections as potential entry points for systemic fungal spread, even in immunocompetent individuals.