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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence
07:54

Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence

Published on: October 25, 2011

Tumor heterogeneity: causes and consequences.

Andriy Marusyk1, Kornelia Polyak

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most tumors start from one cell but become diverse. This study explores the genetic and evolutionary causes of tumor cell diversity and its clinical impact.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Spontaneous tumors typically originate from a single cell.
  • Clinical diagnosis often reveals significant tumor heterogeneity in morphology and physiology.
  • This heterogeneity arises from epigenetic plasticity and the presence of genetically distinct tumor cell clones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the origins of intra-tumor phenotypic heterogeneity, focusing on genetic factors.
  • To review evidence for intra-tumor clonal heterogeneity and evolutionary divergence between primary and metastatic tumors.
  • To discuss the biological and clinical implications of intra-tumor clonal heterogeneity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental evidence on tumor heterogeneity.
  • Analysis of genetic divergence within primary tumors.
  • Comparison of primary tumors with metastatic outgrowths.

Main Results:

  • Tumor heterogeneity is significantly influenced by genetic divergence and clonal evolution.
  • Evidence supports the co-existence of genetically distinct clones within tumors.
  • Frequent evolutionary divergence is observed between primary tumors and metastases.

Conclusions:

  • Intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity is a key driver of tumor diversity.
  • Understanding clonal evolution is crucial for comprehending tumor progression.
  • Intra-tumor heterogeneity has significant biological and clinical implications for cancer treatment and outcomes.