Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces
Published on: January 7, 2020
Protein kinase Cdelta and protein tyrosine kinase regulate peptidoglycan-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation and
Kunal H Bhatt1, Rajeev Kumar Pandey, Yogesh Dahiya
1School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
Abstract:
Bacteria and their ubiquitous cell wall component peptidoglycan (PGN) activate the innate immune system of the host and induce the release of inflammatory molecules. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent molecule involved in the cytotoxic effects mediated by macrophages (MPhi) against microorganisms. This study investigates the signaling pathway involved in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide release caused by peptidoglycan from Staphylococcus aureus in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genestein and PKCdelta inhibitor, rottlerin attenuated the PGN-induced expression of iNOS and NO. H-7, a PKC inhibitor did not significantly affected the PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO release. NF-kappaB inhibitor, curcumin also inhibited PGN-induced NO release. Treatment of MPhi with PGN caused an increase in protein tyrosine kinase activity, expression and activation of PKCdelta, IkappaB phosphorylation and p65 (NF-kappaB) nuclear translocation. The PGN-induced IkappaB phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation was inhibited in macrophages pretreated with rottlerin and genestein. No paracrine or autocrine effect of TNF-alpha on PGN-induced iNOS expression and NO release was observed. These observations suggest that PGN induces enhanced expression of iNOS and NO production through activation of protein tyrosine kinases and PKCdelta, which in turn initiates NF-kappaB activation and translocation to nucleus.
More Related Videos
11:48Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes
Published on: May 31, 2018
10:57NF-κB-dependent Luciferase Activation and Quantification of Gene Expression in Salmonella Infected Tissue Culture Cells
Published on: January 12, 2020
Related Concept Videos
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways
MAPK Signaling Cascades
Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway