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Related Concept Videos

Eccentric Loading01:16

Eccentric Loading

Eccentric loading is a crucial concept in the study of structural engineering and mechanics, particularly when analyzing the stability and stress distribution in columns. Unlike centric loading, where the force is applied along the centroidal axis, causing uniform compression, eccentric loading occurs when a force is applied off-center. This off-center application introduces not only direct compressive stress but also bending stress, significantly influencing the column's behavior under load.
Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles01:20

Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles

Excitation-contraction coupling is a series of events that occur between generating an action potential and initiating a muscle contraction. It occurs at the triad, a structure found in skeletal muscle fibers that comprise a T-tubule and terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum on each side. These triads are visible in longitudinally sectioned muscle fibers. They are typically located at the A-I junction — the junction between the A and I bands of the sarcomere.
When an action potential...
Axial and Appendicular Muscles01:18

Axial and Appendicular Muscles

Skeletal muscles, the key players in our body's movement, can be classified into two groups based on their location and function: axial muscles and appendicular muscles. These classifications reflect the primary roles the muscles play in the body's structure and movement.
Axial Muscles
Axial muscles, situated along the body's midline, are intricately connected to the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles facilitate facial expressions and play a...
Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Construction of Constant-Load (Isotonic) and Constant-Velocity (Isokinetic) Torque-Velocity-Power Profiles In vivo for the Rat Plantar Flexors
07:44

Construction of Constant-Load (Isotonic) and Constant-Velocity (Isokinetic) Torque-Velocity-Power Profiles In vivo for the Rat Plantar Flexors

Published on: October 3, 2025

Joint-specific power absorption during eccentric cycling.

Steven J Elmer1, Matthew L Madigan, Paul C LaStayo

  • 1Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Utah, 250 S. 1850 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. steve.elmer@utah.edu

Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eccentric cycling primarily uses knee and hip joint actions to absorb power, consistent with concentric cycling. This enhances knee extensor function and hip muscle size, aiding rehabilitation.

More Related Videos

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
07:30

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Published on: May 1, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Construction of Constant-Load (Isotonic) and Constant-Velocity (Isokinetic) Torque-Velocity-Power Profiles In vivo for the Rat Plantar Flexors
07:44

Construction of Constant-Load (Isotonic) and Constant-Velocity (Isokinetic) Torque-Velocity-Power Profiles In vivo for the Rat Plantar Flexors

Published on: October 3, 2025

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
07:30

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Published on: May 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Eccentric cycling is known to increase muscle size and strength.
  • Joint-specific power absorption strategies during eccentric cycling remain unidentified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the joint-specific actions responsible for power absorption during eccentric cycling.

Main Methods:

  • Eight active males performed eccentric cycling at 60 rpm and 20% of maximal concentric power.
  • Pedal forces and joint kinematics were recorded to calculate joint powers using inverse dynamics.

Main Results:

  • The knee absorbed 58% of the power, followed by the hip (29%) and ankle (10%).
  • Key power-absorbing actions included eccentric knee extension, eccentric hip extension, and eccentric hip flexion.

Conclusions:

  • Eccentric cycling utilizes combined knee and hip joint actions, similar to concentric cycling.
  • Findings support eccentric cycling's benefits for knee extensor function and hip muscle hypertrophy.
  • Results suggest potential for eccentric cycling in clinical rehabilitation settings.