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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System

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Published on: September 20, 2018

Pelvic floor hypertonic disorders: identification and management.

Charles W Butrick¹

¹The Urogynecology Center, Overland Park, KS 66215, USA. cwbutrick@gmail.com

Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America

|November 26, 2009

Summary

Hypertonic pelvic floor disorders cause pain and dysfunction. This review covers syndromes like bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), vulvodynia, and chronic pelvic pain, detailing symptoms, diagnostics, and treatments.

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Area of Science:

Urology
Gynecology
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Background:

Hypertonic pelvic floor disorders manifest as pelvic pain and dysfunction.
These disorders encompass various syndromes, including elimination disorders, bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), vulvodynia, vaginismus, and chronic pelvic pain.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of hypertonic pelvic floor disorders.
To review the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and therapeutic options for these conditions.

Main Methods:

Literature review of syndromes associated with hypertonic pelvic floor disorders.
Discussion of symptoms, physical examination findings, and diagnostic studies.
Detailed review of therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

Patients present with diverse symptoms related to pelvic pain and dysfunction.
A range of diagnostic approaches are employed to identify specific syndromes.
Multiple treatment modalities are available, including physical therapy, medications, and injections.

Conclusions:

Effective management of hypertonic pelvic floor disorders requires accurate diagnosis of specific syndromes.
A multidisciplinary approach integrating various therapeutic options is often necessary.
Further research into optimal treatment strategies for these complex conditions is warranted.