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Dynamical fluctuations in dense granular flows.

Emily Gardel1, E Sitaridou, Kevin Facto

  • 1Department of Physics, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Granular flows transition from collisional to frictional states near jamming. This shift impacts force fluctuations and creates spatial structures, leading to long-range velocity correlations.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics of granular materials
  • Fluid dynamics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Dense granular flows exhibit complex behaviors near the jamming transition.
  • Understanding the micromechanics of these flows is crucial for predicting their dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of microscopic states in granular flows approaching jamming.
  • To identify key indicators of jamming transition in flow dynamics.
  • To explore the spatial organization of force fluctuations.

Main Methods:

  • Measurements of force and velocity fluctuations in dense, gravity-driven granular flows.
  • Analysis of flow dynamics near the jamming threshold.
  • Examination of coarse-grained time scales and frequency spectra of fluctuations.

Main Results:

  • A rapid transition from collisional to frictional states was observed as jamming was approached.
  • Coarse-grained descriptors like force distribution and friction angle masked this micro-mechanical change.
  • Frequency spectra of force fluctuations developed low-frequency structure near jamming.
  • Spatial structures, or collision chains, were identified and found to propagate rapidly.

Conclusions:

  • The jamming transition in granular flows involves a significant shift in micromechanics not always apparent in macroscopic descriptors.
  • Low-frequency force fluctuations and propagating collision chains are key indicators of the approach to jamming.
  • These localized structures induce long-range correlations in velocity fluctuations, highlighting complex system dynamics.