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Related Concept Videos

Types of Fluids01:27

Types of Fluids

Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
In contrast, non-Newtonian fluids do not follow Newton's law of viscosity, and their...
Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress01:25

Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress

In designing structural elements and machine parts using ductile materials, it is crucial to ensure that these components withstand applied stresses without yielding. Yielding is initially determined through a tensile test, which evaluates the material's response to uniaxial stress. However, tensile stress is insufficient when components face biaxial or plane stress conditions This condition requires advanced criteria to predict failure.
The Maximum Shearing Stress Criterion, also known as the...
Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials

The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and reloaded.
Characteristics of Fluids01:31

Characteristics of Fluids

Fluids differ from solids primarily in their molecular structure and stress response. Solids have tightly packed molecules with strong intermolecular forces, maintaining their shape and resisting deformation. In contrast, fluids have molecules spaced farther apart with weaker forces, allowing them to flow and deform easily.
Fluids, which include both liquids and gases, are substances that deform continuously under shearing stress. For example, water and oil are liquids with molecules that can...

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Macro-Rheology Characterization of Gill Raker Mucus in the Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
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An attempt to categorize yield stress fluid behaviour.

Peder Moller1, Abdoulaye Fall, Vijayakumar Chikkadi

  • 1Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS, Paris Cedex 05, France.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary

We clarify the existence and experimental determination of yield stress materials by distinguishing between thixotropic and simple types. Proper protocols reveal true yield stress fluids and explain shear banding.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Yield stress materials, such as dense suspensions, exhibit a critical shear stress threshold for flow.
  • The existence and utility of a true yield stress have been debated due to experimental challenges.
  • Understanding these materials is crucial in various scientific and industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve the debate on the existence and experimental determination of yield stress in materials.
  • To differentiate between thixotropic and simple yield stress fluids.
  • To provide a framework for understanding shear banding in these materials.

Main Methods:

  • Distinguishing between thixotropic and simple yield stress fluid behaviors.
  • Developing adequate experimental protocols accounting for material time evolution (ageing, shear rejuvenation).
  • Analyzing the phenomenon of shear banding in yield stress fluids.

Main Results:

  • Experimental difficulties in determining yield stress are resolved by differentiating fluid types.
  • The existence of true yield stress materials is confirmed.
  • A framework is provided to account for shear banding, a common observation in yield stress fluids.

Conclusions:

  • A clear distinction between thixotropic and simple yield stress fluids simplifies their experimental determination.
  • True yield stress materials exist, and their behavior, including shear banding, can be understood through appropriate protocols.