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Related Concept Videos

Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

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Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
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Published on: May 30, 2012

Satb1 and Satb2 regulate embryonic stem cell differentiation and Nanog expression.

Fabio Savarese1, Amparo Dávila, Robert Nechanitzky

  • 1Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.

Genes & Development
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The balance between Satb1 and Satb2 proteins influences embryonic stem cell (ES cell) pluripotency by regulating Nanog expression. This balance affects self-renewal and differentiation capabilities.

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10:48

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Published on: April 12, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Gene regulation
  • Chromatin structure
  • Stem cell biology

Background:

  • Satb1 and Satb2 proteins are crucial regulators of gene expression and chromatin organization.
  • Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) exhibit heterogeneity in Nanog expression, influencing self-renewal and differentiation.
  • Understanding the roles of Satb proteins is key to deciphering ES cell plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of Satb1 and Satb2 in murine ES cell differentiation and pluripotency.
  • To determine the impact of Satb1 deficiency on pluripotency determinants like Nanog.
  • To elucidate the interplay between Satb1, Satb2, and Nanog expression in ES cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Satb1-deficient (Satb1(-/-)) murine ES cells.
  • Assessment of differentiation potential and pluripotency gene expression (Nanog, Klf4, Tbx3).
  • Cell fusion experiments with human B lymphocytes to evaluate reprogramming potential.
  • Investigation of Satb2 expression in Satb1-deficient ES cells and forced Satb2 expression in wild-type ES cells.
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation to assess Satb1 and Satb2 binding to the Nanog locus.

Main Results:

  • Satb1(-/-) ES cells showed impaired differentiation and increased Nanog, Klf4, and Tbx3 expression.
  • A higher proportion of Nanog(high) cells and enhanced reprogramming potential were observed in Satb1(-/-) cultures.
  • Satb1 deficiency led to increased Satb2 expression, which antagonized Nanog silencing.
  • Forced Satb2 expression in wild-type ES cells maintained Nanog expression and enhanced reprogramming.
  • Satb1(-/-)Satb2(-/-) ES cells exhibited nearly normal differentiation potential, suggesting antagonistic roles.

Conclusions:

  • The balance between Satb1 and Satb2 proteins is critical for regulating Nanog expression plasticity.
  • This balance directly influences ES cell self-renewal, differentiation competence, and reprogramming potential.
  • Satb1 and Satb2 act antagonistically to control Nanog locus accessibility and maintain ES cell pluripotency.