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Related Experiment Videos

Hepatitis B surface antigen induces an early-type hypersensitivity.

H Y Lei1, J Y Wang, T T Chang

  • 1College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Clinical and Experimental Immunology
|February 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

A novel early-type hypersensitivity (ETH) response, distinct from delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), was identified following hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) immunization. This rapid, histamine-mediated reaction can be transferred via immune sera.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research

Background:

  • Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) is a known immune response.
  • Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) immunization can elicit unique immune reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a novel, rapid hypersensitivity response observed after HBsAg immunization.
  • To differentiate this early-type hypersensitivity (ETH) from DTH.

Main Methods:

  • Induction of hypersensitivity in mice post-HBsAg immunization.
  • Assessment of ear swelling onset and duration.
  • Pharmacological inhibition studies using cyproheptadine and dexamethasone.
  • Serum transfer experiments with heat treatment.

Main Results:

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  • A distinct antigen-specific ear swelling (ETH) was observed within 1 hour post-challenge, contrasting with the 24-hour DTH.
  • ETH induction required 3 days longer than DTH.
  • ETH involved plasma leakage and increased vascular permeability within 15 minutes.
  • Cyproheptadine inhibited ETH, suggesting histamine/serotonin mediation, while dexamethasone did not.
  • ETH was transferable via immune sera, and heat treatment did not abolish this transfer, indicating it's not IgE-mediated.
  • Human anti-HBs sera from infection or vaccination transferred ETH activity in mice.

    • Conclusions:

    • A novel early-type hypersensitivity (ETH) response, distinct from DTH, is induced by HBsAg immunization.
    • ETH is characterized by rapid vascular permeability changes and appears to be mediated by histamine and/or serotonin.
    • The transferability of ETH by non-IgE antibodies in immune sera has significant implications for understanding hepatitis B immunity.