Inflammation in aging part 2: implications for the health of older people and recommendations for nursing practice

Aging is accompanied by declining function and remodeling of body systems. In particular, changes to the immune and endocrine systems have far-reaching effects that cause an increase in cytokine release and decrease in anti-inflammatory feedback systems. The chronic inflammation that ensues has been named ''inflammaging.'' Inflammaging is associated with many detrimental effects that combine to increase morbidity and mortality. The sickness behavior that arises from inflammatory processes and the side effects of chronic diseases lead to a constellation of symptoms that decrease quality of life and affect the well-being of the individual. Part 2 of this two-part article provides an overview of the health effects of inflammaging, addressing the extent to which it contributes to the syndromes of frailty and disability with aging.