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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects

Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
Despite these side effects, antipsychotics are used therapeutically for various purposes, including managing schizophrenia, preventing nausea and vomiting, curbing...
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
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Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development
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A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development

Published on: February 11, 2019

Pharmacologic side effects and/or neurologic disorder: case report.

Ljiljana Radanović-Grgurić1, Anamarija Petek, Davor Laufer

  • 1University Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Osijek, J Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.

Psychiatria Danubina
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Summary

This case study explores a patient with schizophrenia who developed neurological symptoms, possibly Huntington

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Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
07:42

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

Published on: April 26, 2012

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development
07:02

A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development

Published on: February 11, 2019

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
07:42

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

Published on: April 26, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder.
  • Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are common side effects of typical antipsychotics.
  • Atypical antipsychotics are often used to manage schizophrenia and reduce EPS.

Observation:

  • A patient with schizophrenia developed neurological symptoms, including extrapyramidal syndrome.
  • Treatment with typical neuroleptics led to EPS, prompting a switch to atypical antipsychotics.
  • The patient subsequently developed orofacial dyskinesias progressing to unilateral choreo-athetosis.

Findings:

  • Despite therapeutic adjustments, psychiatric and neurological symptoms remained largely unresponsive.
  • Brain MRI revealed moderate cortical atrophy.
  • Pharmacological resistance raised suspicion for an underlying neurological disorder, such as Huntington's chorea.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the complex interplay between psychiatric and neurological disorders.
  • It raises questions about whether the neurological disorder precipitated psychosis or if antipsychotic medication accelerated neurological decline.
  • Further research is needed to understand the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in such co-occurring conditions.