Emerging risk factors and markers of chronic kidney disease progression

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Biomarkers
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent condition with a poor prognosis and increasing incidence.
• Comorbidities are common in CKD patients, often leading to disease progression.
• Identifying factors associated with CKD progression is vital for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review emerging factors and markers associated with CKD progression.
• To highlight the epidemiological evidence supporting these predictive markers.
• To discuss the potential of these markers in understanding CKD pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of epidemiological evidence from prospective studies.
• Discussion of various emerging factors and biomarkers.
• Analysis of associations between identified factors and CKD progression.

Main Results:

• Several factors and markers are associated with CKD progression, including asymmetric dimethylarginine, calcium-phosphate metabolism factors, adrenomedullin, natriuretic peptides, liver-type fatty acid binding protein, kidney injury molecule 1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, apolipoprotein A-IV, adiponectin, and genetic polymorphisms.
• Prospective studies provide epidemiological evidence for these associations.
• These markers may offer insights into CKD pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

• Emerging factors and markers show potential for predicting CKD progression.
• Further epidemiological and experimental research is needed before widespread clinical application.
• Identified risk factors may become targets for future therapeutic interventions.