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Related Concept Videos

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

Overview
Monohybrid Crosses01:20

Monohybrid Crosses

Overview
Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal chance to...
Chi-square Analysis02:46

Chi-square Analysis

The chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test. It is used to check whether there is a significant difference between an expected value and an observed value. In the context of genetics, it enables us to either accept or reject a hypothesis, based on how much the observed values deviate from the expected values.
The chi-square test was developed by Pearson in 1990.
The first step of performing a Chi-square analysis is to establish a null hypothesis, which assumes that there is no real...

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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Breeding by Design for Functional Rice with Genome Editing Technologies
09:43

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Published on: January 3, 2025

Genome size variation in Begonia.

Angelo Dewitte1, Leen Leus, Tom Eeckhaut

  • 1Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle, Belgium. angelo.dewitte@katho.be

Genome
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Begonia genome sizes vary significantly, with DNA content correlating more with pollen size than chromosome number. This chromosome diversity helps explain the large number of Begonia species.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Cytology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The genus Begonia is known for its extensive species diversity.
  • Understanding genome size variation is crucial for plant evolution studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genome size variation across a diverse collection of Begonia species and hybrids.
  • To explore the relationship between genome size, chromosome characteristics, and geographical origin.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to determine 1C DNA values for 37 Begonia species and 23 hybrids.
  • Cytological studies analyzed chromosome number, size, and structure.

Main Results:

  • Genome sizes (1C values) ranged from 0.23 to 1.46 pg DNA.
  • Genome size showed a stronger correlation with pollen size than with chromosome number.
  • Significant variation in chromosome number, size, and volume was observed, with South American genotypes generally having smaller chromosomes.

Conclusions:

  • Chromosome number and structure display considerable variation within the genus Begonia.
  • This genomic diversity likely contributes to the large number of taxa within the genus.