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Visual outcome in infants with cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity

E E Birch1, R Spencer

  • 1Anderson Vision Research Center, Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX 75231.

Insights

Vision testing in preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) using preferential-looking (FPL) showed reduced grating acuity. Early FPL acuity tests may predict long-term visual outcomes in infants with ROP.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of visual impairment in preterm infants.
  • Accurate assessment of visual acuity in this population is crucial for monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy.
  • Traditional methods for visual acuity testing can be challenging in very young infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate monocular grating acuities in preterm infants diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
  • To correlate visual acuity measurements with the anatomical outcomes of ROP.
  • To assess the predictive value of early forced-choice preferential-looking (FPL) acuity tests for long-term functional vision.

Main Methods:

  • Monocular grating acuities were measured using a forced-choice preferential-looking (FPL) procedure in preterm infants with ROP.
  • Eyes were graded by retinal specialists into anatomic outcome categories based on cicatricial residua of ROP.
  • Comparison was made between infants with normal/regressed ROP and those with more severe forms (macular ectopia, detachment).

Main Results:

  • Infants with normal/regressed ROP and normal posterior poles showed slightly lower grating acuities than age-matched healthy full-term infants.
  • Grating acuity in eyes with abnormal posterior poles (macular ectopia, detachment) was significantly related to the anatomic outcome category (P < 0.001).
  • Early FPL acuity tests demonstrated a strong correlation (r = 0.75-0.87) with long-term functional visual outcomes at follow-up intervals of 6 months to 2-5 years.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm infants with ROP exhibit reduced grating acuities, even in cases with seemingly normal posterior pole anatomy.
  • The severity of anatomical changes in ROP directly impacts grating acuity measurements.
  • Early FPL testing in infants with ROP is a valuable tool for predicting future visual function, aiding in early intervention strategies.

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