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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: April 25, 2019

Practical lessons from theoretical models about the somitogenesis.

Aitor González¹, Ryoichiro Kageyama

¹Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST Kyoto, Japan.

Gene Regulation and Systems Biology

|November 26, 2009

Summary

Mouse somitogenesis, crucial for forming vertebrae, relies on a dynamic clock within the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). Computer simulations reveal key properties of this biological clock, aiding understanding of embryonic development.

Keywords:

Fgf signaling Hes7 oscillation Notch signaling Theoretical models Wnt signaling mouse somitogenesis

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Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation

Published on: February 28, 2021

Area of Science:

Developmental biology
Computational biology
Embryology

Background:

Vertebrae and mammalian repetitive structures develop from embryonic somites.
Somites form sequentially from the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) in a process called somitogenesis.
In mice, somitogenesis occurs rhythmically, with new somites forming every two hours.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current understanding of mouse somitogenesis.
To highlight insights gained from theoretical modeling and computer simulations.
To bridge the gap between theoretical predictions and experimental observations.

Main Methods:

Review of theoretical literature on somitogenesis.
Analysis of computer simulations modeling the process.
Integration of experimental data with computational models.

Main Results:

Computer simulations have elucidated dynamical properties of the somitogenesis clock, including transcription/translation delays and synchronization mechanisms.
Theoretical models provide hypotheses for how temporal oscillations in the PSM are converted into spatial patterns.
The combination of experiments and simulations has revealed crucial aspects of the somitogenesis clock.

Conclusions:

Theoretical modeling and computer simulations are powerful tools for understanding complex biological processes like somitogenesis.
Further integration of computational and experimental approaches will advance our knowledge of embryonic development.
This review aims to make theoretical insights accessible to experimentalists in the field.