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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Methods for the Determination of Rates of Glucose and Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Isolated Working Rat Heart
Published on: September 28, 2016
Proposed regulation of gene expression by glucose in rodent heart
Martin E Young1, Jie Yan, Peter Razeghi
1USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Background:
During pressure overload-induced hypertrophy, unloading-induced atrophy, and diabetes mellitus, the heart induces 'fetal' genes (e.g. myosin heavy chain beta; mhc beta).
Hypothesis:
We propose that altered glucose homeostasis within the cardiomyocyte acts as a central mechanism for the regulation of gene expression in response to environmental stresses. The evidence is as follows.
Methods And Results:
Forced glucose uptake both ex vivo and in vivo results in mhc isoform switching. Restricting dietary glucose prevents mhc isoform switching in hearts of both GLUT1-Tg mice and rats subjected to pressure overload-induced hypertrophy. Thus, glucose availability correlates with mhc isoform switching under all conditions investigated. A potential mechanism by which glucose affects gene expression is through O-linked glycosylation of specific transcription factors. Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) catalyzes the flux generating step in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis, the rate determining metabolite in protein glycosylation. Ascending aortic constriction increased intracellular levels of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, and the expression of gfat2, but not gfat1, in the rat heart.
Conclusions:
Collectively, the results strongly suggest glucose-regulated gene expression in the heart, and the involvement of glucose metabolites in isoform switching of sarcomeric proteins characteristic for the fetal gene program.
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