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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

Taste Buds and Receptors

Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive functions.
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

Olfactory disorders: the patients' view.

Basile N Landis1, Nicholas W Stow, Jean-Silvain Lacroix

  • 1Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland. Basile.Landis@hcuge.ch

Rhinology
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with olfactory disorders often seek medical advice but receive poor information about their diagnosis and prognosis. Improving physician communication is crucial for better patient education and management of smell disorders.

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Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
04:47

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants

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Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
08:33

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders

Published on: December 4, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Patient Knowledge Assessment
  • Olfactory Disorders

Background:

  • Olfactory disorders significantly impact quality of life.
  • Patients frequently consult multiple physicians before specialist referral.
  • Understanding patient knowledge gaps is essential for improving care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess patient knowledge regarding olfactory disorders upon presentation to a specialist clinic.
  • To identify deficiencies in information provided by non-specialist physicians.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-centered cohort study involving patients at specialist Olfactory Clinics.
  • Standardized questionnaire assessing prior consultations, information received (diagnosis, prognosis), and perceived management.
  • Olfactory function assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks kit.

Main Results:

  • 80% of patients consulted non-specialist doctors prior to clinic visit (mean 2.1 consultations).
  • 60% received inadequate or unclear diagnostic information; 30% received no prognostic information.
  • 25% felt their condition was poorly managed by previous doctors.

Conclusions:

  • Most patients with smell dysfunction seek medical help but lack adequate information.
  • There is a significant need to enhance physician communication regarding olfactory disorders.
  • Improved general practitioner education can lead to better patient understanding and timely referral.