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Antibiotic Selection

Antibiotic Selection

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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

The Cultivation, Growth, and Viability of Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Quality Control Perspective

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Published on: June 16, 2022

Factors for bile tolerance in Lactococcus lactis: analysis by using plasmid variants.

H Kimoto-Nira¹, M Kobayahi, M Nomura

¹Functional Biomolecules Research Team, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0901, Japan. anne@affrc.go.jp

Folia Microbiologica

|November 26, 2009

Summary

Bile tolerance in probiotic Lactococcus lactis is influenced by specific plasmids and fatty acid composition. Modifying plasmid profiles can alter bacterial bile tolerance, a key characteristic for probiotics.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

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Plasmid Stability Analysis with Open-Source Droplet Microfluidics

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Published on: December 27, 2024

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Probiotics
Bacterial Genetics

Background:

Bile tolerance is a crucial characteristic for probiotic bacteria.
Lactococci are widely used as probiotics.
Understanding factors affecting bile tolerance is essential for probiotic development.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of plasmids in determining bile tolerance in Lactococcus lactis.
To identify specific genetic factors contributing to bile tolerance in lactococci.

Main Methods:

Assessing bile tolerance using viability counts on bile-containing agar.
Generating and analyzing plasmid-free derivatives of Lactococcus lactis strains.
Introducing specific plasmids into bacterial strains via co-transformation.
Analyzing fatty acid composition of bacterial strains.

Main Results:

Bile tolerance varied among Lactococcus lactis wild-type strains and their plasmid-free derivatives.
Plasmid pDR1-1B was found to negatively impact bile tolerance in strain DRC1.
Differences in fatty acid composition were observed between bacterial strains with varying bile tolerance.
Plasmid profile and fatty acid composition are key factors for bile tolerance in strain DRC1.

Conclusions:

Plasmid content and fatty acid composition significantly influence bile tolerance in Lactococcus lactis.
Modulating plasmid profiles offers a potential strategy for enhancing probiotic properties like bile tolerance.