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Related Concept Videos

ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

ABC Transporters: Importer

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
In bacteria, based on the number of transmembrane helices and the chemical nature of their substrates, the ABC importers can be divided into three types:
Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies
07:10

High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies

Published on: September 29, 2023

Transporters--the view from industry.

Christopher Kohl1

  • 1Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil. christopher.kohl@actelion.com

Chemistry & Biodiversity
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug transport proteins significantly impact drug disposition, but clinical evidence remains limited. Further research is needed to fully understand their role in clinical pharmacokinetics.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Metabolism and Transport

Background:

  • The scientific community is increasingly interested in the role of transport proteins in drug disposition.
  • Recent hypotheses suggest drug transport, not passive diffusion, is the primary mechanism for cell membrane crossing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the current evidence for the impact of transport proteins on clinical pharmacokinetics.
  • To identify factors impeding progress in understanding drug transport's clinical relevance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro and clinical studies on drug transport proteins.
  • Analysis of drug physicochemical properties influencing transport mechanisms.
  • Examination of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions.

Main Results:

  • A limited number of convincing clinical studies demonstrate the impact of transport proteins on pharmacokinetics.
  • Many small-molecule drugs possess properties favoring passive diffusion or metabolism, complicating transport studies.
  • Clinical evidence often relies on drug-drug interactions not explained by metabolic enzyme interference.

Conclusions:

  • The overall clinical relevance of drug transport in pharmacokinetics is still under investigation.
  • Further research is required to elucidate the precise impact of drug transporters on patient outcomes.