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Related Concept Videos

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such as  cells...
Electrophoresis: Overview01:20

Electrophoresis: Overview

Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric field. The core strength of electrophoresis lies in its ability to separate high-molecular-weight species in complex mixtures. It has found widespread use in biochemistry, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry, allowing the separation of compounds like amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and proteins with excellent resolution.
There...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
SDS-PAGE01:27

SDS-PAGE

Gel electrophoresis is a method that separates biological macromolecules like nucleic acids or proteins by forcing them to pass through a gel matrix under an electric field.
A variation of gel electrophoresis, termed  polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), is commonly used for separating proteins according to their molecular size by passing them through a polyacrylamide gel. Because of the varying charges associated with amino acid side chains, PAGE can be used to separate intact proteins...
DNA Agarose Gel Electrophoresis02:35

DNA Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

Agarose gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique commonly used to separate DNA fragments by size. However, it can also be used to isolate and purify DNA fragments using a gel extraction protocol.
Gel extraction follows five major steps: running gel electrophoresis to separate fragments, isolating the individual bands, extracting DNA from those bands, and removing the dye and salts from the extracted mixture to obtain pure DNA.
In cloning experiments, both the insert and vector DNA...

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Colorimetric Detection of Bacteria Using Litmus Test
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Happy bicentennial, electrophoresis!

Pier Giorgio Righetti1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Italy. piergiorgio.righetti@polimi.it

Journal of Proteomics
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This review celebrates the 200-year history of electrophoresis, highlighting its historical applications like wartime latex production and advancements in large-scale 2D gel electrophoresis.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and analytical chemistry, focusing on separation science.

Background:

  • Electrophoresis, a technique separating molecules based on charge and size, reaches its bicentennial anniversary.
  • The historical development of electrophoresis includes significant, lesser-known applications.

Observation:

  • A secret World War II production plant utilized large-scale electrophoretic apparatus for latex skimming from Hevea brasiliensis.
  • Modern advancements include cyber, mammoth 2D gels measuring 1.5 x 1 meters capable of resolving over 12,000 spots.

Findings:

  • The historical survey reveals pivotal books that have shaped the field of electrophoresis.
  • The evolution of electrophoresis spans from early practical applications to sophisticated, high-throughput analytical systems.

Implications:

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  • Understanding the historical trajectory of electrophoresis provides context for current and future innovations in separation science.
  • The review underscores the enduring relevance and adaptability of electrophoresis across diverse scientific and industrial domains.