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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
09:52

Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Published on: April 26, 2018

[Program optimization for bovine somatic cells nuclear transfer].

Anmin Lei1, Xiaoling Ma, Zhimin Gao

  • 1Shaanxi Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China. anminleiryan@nwsuaf.edu.cn

Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Biotechnology
|November 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing bovine somatic nuclear transfer involved testing enucleation and nuclear introduction methods. The best combination yielded two cloned calves from 80 transferred blastocysts, demonstrating an effective program for cattle cloning.

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Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT
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Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT

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Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform
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Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform

Published on: January 30, 2017

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Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
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Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT
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Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT

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Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform
09:04

Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform

Published on: January 30, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Animal Biotechnology

Context:

  • Bovine somatic nuclear transfer (SCNT) is crucial for livestock improvement and research.
  • Optimizing SCNT protocols is essential for increasing efficiency and success rates in producing cloned cattle.
  • Current methods involve various enucleation and nuclear transfer techniques, each with potential limitations.

Purpose:

  • To determine the optimal combination of enucleation and nuclear introduction procedures for reconstructing bovine cloned embryos.
  • To evaluate the efficiency of different electrofusion parameters for bovine somatic nuclear transfer.
  • To establish a refined SCNT program for producing high-quality cloned cattle.

Summary:

  • This study compared two enucleation methods (Spindle-view system vs. Hoechst 33342 staining) and two nuclear introduction techniques (ooplasm microinjection vs. electrofusion) for bovine SCNT.
  • Three electrofusion parameter groups were tested to identify the most effective settings for embryo reconstruction.
  • The optimal protocol utilized the Spindle-view system for enucleation and electrofusion (1.9 kV/cm, 10 µs, two pulses) for nuclear transfer, resulting in high-quality blastocysts.
  • Transfer of 80 optimized blastocysts to 33 recipients produced two cloned calves, validating the refined SCNT program.

Impact:

  • The optimized bovine somatic nuclear transfer program significantly improves the efficiency of producing cloned cattle.
  • This research provides a validated protocol for SCNT, potentially advancing genetic improvement and conservation efforts in cattle.
  • Successful cloning demonstrates the practical application of refined biotechnological procedures in animal reproduction.