Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sublimation01:03

Sublimation

Sublimation is the direct transformation of a solid to a gaseous state. For instance, at standard pressure and room temperature, solid carbon dioxide sublimes to gaseous carbon dioxide. The phase diagram depicts the conditions required for sublimation. This process occurs at the solid-gas phase boundary and is not observed above the triple point of the substance. The reverse of sublimation is called deposition, where a gaseous substance condenses directly into a solid. Sublimation and...
SN1 Reaction: Mechanism02:25

SN1 Reaction: Mechanism

Kinetic studies of ionization of a tertiary halide in a protic solvent suggest that only the substrate participates in the rate-determining step (slow step). The nucleophile is involved only after the slowest step. The SN1 reaction takes place in a multiple-step mechanism. 
Firstly, the haloalkane ionizes to generate a carbocation intermediate and a halide ion. This heterolytic cleavage is highly endothermic with large activation energy. The ionization of the substrate, facilitated by a polar...
Preparation of Alcohols via Substitution Reactions01:38

Preparation of Alcohols via Substitution Reactions

Overview
Alcohols can be synthesized from alkyl halides via nucleophilic substitution reactions. The highly polar carbon-halogen bond in the substrate makes halide a good leaving group. The hydroxide ion or water can act as a nucleophile to take the place of halide and form an alcohol. The substitution reactions occur via two different reaction pathways, SN1 or SN2, depending on the nature of carbon attached to the halide.
Primary alcohols are synthesized from primary alkyl halides, and the...
Solvating Effects02:12

Solvating Effects

An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions02:34

Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions

Historical perspective
In 1896, the German chemist Paul Walden discovered that he could interconvert pure enantiomeric (+) and (-) malic acids through a series of reactions. This conversion suggested the involvement of optical inversion during the substitution reaction. Further, in 1930, Sir Christopher Ingold described for the first time two different forms of nucleophilic substitution reactions, which are known as SN1 (nucleophilic substitution unimolecular) and SN2 (nucleophilic substitution...
Solubility03:00

Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules, atoms, and/or ions)...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The PI3K/AKT pathway promotes fracture healing through its crosstalk with Wnt/β-catenin.

Experimental cell research·2020
Same author

Microflow in a rhythmically expanding alveolar chip with dynamic similarity.

Lab on a chip·2020
Same author

The role of surfactants in colloidal biliquid aphrons and their transport in saturated porous medium.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)·2020
Same author

Morphometric Trajectory Analysis for Occipital Condyle Screws.

Orthopaedic surgery·2020
Same author

ACT001 reduces the expression of PD-L1 by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3 in glioblastoma.

Theranostics·2020
Same author

Downregulation of miRNA-146a-5p promotes malignant transformation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells by glioma stem-like cells.

Aging·2020
Same journal

Approaches to using retention indices with coupled column pressure tuning in gas chromatography.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same journal

MOF-supported surface-imprinted polymer for hazard governance of aristolochic acids in herbal matrices: A safety-control strategy supported by multiscale simulations.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same journal

Portable cold-assisted head-space solid-phase microextraction coupled with GC-MS/MS for sensitive determination of trace polychlorinated naphthalenes in water.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same journal

Characterization of phosphorous impurities originating from the synthesis of Sarin.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same journal

Extraction and chromatographic purification of purpurin: A scalable approach using modified dry column vacuum chromatography.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
Same journal

Development and validation of a modified QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS method for multi-class pesticide residue analysis in soils from pesticide production sites.

Journal of chromatography. A·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol
09:08

Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol

Published on: April 2, 2018

The recent progress of solvent sublation.

Peng-Yu Bi1, Hui-Ru Dong, Jun Dong

  • 1Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|November 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solvent sublation, an adsorptive bubble separation technique, efficiently removes compounds from water. This review covers its theory, applications, and future trends in separation science.

More Related Videos

The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
12:43

The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

Biomembrane Fabrication by the Solvent-assisted Lipid Bilayer (SALB) Method
09:38

Biomembrane Fabrication by the Solvent-assisted Lipid Bilayer (SALB) Method

Published on: December 1, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol
09:08

Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol

Published on: April 2, 2018

The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
12:43

The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

Biomembrane Fabrication by the Solvent-assisted Lipid Bilayer (SALB) Method
09:38

Biomembrane Fabrication by the Solvent-assisted Lipid Bilayer (SALB) Method

Published on: December 1, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Separation Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Solvent sublation is an adsorptive bubble separation technique.
  • It removes surface-active or hydrophobic compounds from aqueous phases.
  • Adsorption occurs on ascending gas bubbles, with collection in an organic layer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review theoretical research on solvent sublation.
  • To summarize recent applications of solvent sublation over the last decade.
  • To identify future development trends for this separation technique.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of theoretical studies.
  • Compilation of recent solvent sublation applications.
  • Analysis of emerging trends and future prospects.

Main Results:

  • Solvent sublation offers high separation efficiency and concentration coefficients.
  • The technique requires low organic solvent dosage and gentle separation conditions.
  • It is characterized by simple operation and broad applicability across various fields.

Conclusions:

  • Solvent sublation is a versatile and advantageous separation technique.
  • Continued research and application development are expected.
  • Future trends may focus on optimizing efficiency and expanding its scope.