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Related Concept Videos

The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
Spinal Nerves: Anatomy01:23

Spinal Nerves: Anatomy

Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
There are 31 bilateral pairs of spinal nerves, each emerging from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramina—openings between adjacent vertebrae. These nerves are...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...

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Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
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Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery

Published on: August 17, 2022

Primary epidural peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the thoracic spine.

Kraiyot Kiatsoontorn1, Toshihiro Takami, Tsutomu Ichinose

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine.

Neurologia Medico-Chirurgica
|November 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

A rare spinal tumor, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET), caused progressive leg weakness in a young man. Successful treatment involved surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Spinal Surgery
  • Pediatric Oncology

Background:

  • Primary spinal peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (pPNETs) are exceptionally rare.
  • Epidural pPNETs are even rarer, often presenting with non-specific symptoms.

Observation:

  • A 25-year-old male presented with acute paraparesis and back pain.
  • Neuroimaging revealed a thoracic epidural mass.

Findings:

  • The patient underwent successful gross total resection of the pPNET.
  • Post-operative chemotherapy and radiotherapy led to a favorable outcome.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering pPNET in the differential diagnosis of young patients with progressive spinal symptoms.
  • Early diagnosis and multimodal treatment are crucial for managing this rare spinal tumor.