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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism, and...
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Dysrhythmias I: Introduction01:15

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice
06:07

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice

Published on: May 23, 2021

Sex differences in arrhythmias.

Abel Rivero1, Anne B Curtis

  • 1Division of Cardiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 336, USA.

Current Opinion in Cardiology
|November 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sex differences impact cardiac arrhythmia presentation, course, and treatment. Understanding these disparities, including genetic and hormonal factors, is crucial for effective patient care.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice
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Multi-system Monitoring for Identification of Seizures, Arrhythmias and Apnea in Conscious Restrained Rabbits

Published on: March 27, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cardiac arrhythmias exhibit significant sex-based variations in clinical presentation and progression.
  • Existing research suggests underlying genetic and hormonal mechanisms contribute to these differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key sex-related differences in cardiac arrhythmias.
  • To review the current understanding of mechanisms driving these disparities.
  • To highlight implications for diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on sex differences in cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Analysis of findings related to presentation, clinical course, and treatment.
  • Examination of proposed underlying mechanisms, including hormonal and genetic factors.

Main Results:

  • Females show predisposition to long QT syndromes, while males are more prone to lethal arrhythmias post-myocardial infarction.
  • Sex hormones, genetic transmission, membrane transporters, and myocardial cytochrome P450 enzymes are implicated in sex-specific arrhythmia development.
  • Women are underrepresented in implantable cardioverter defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapy use, despite comparable benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Sex-specific factors must be considered for optimal diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate the precise mechanisms behind these sex-related differences.