Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Redox Titration: Iodimetry and Iodometry01:23

Redox Titration: Iodimetry and Iodometry

Iodometry and iodimetry are analytical methods used to determine the concentration of oxidizing or reducing agents using iodine. In iodometric titrations, the oxidizing analyte solution is usually acidified and treated with an excess of iodide ions, which generates an equivalent amount of iodine in equilibrium with triiodide. The released iodine is subsequently titrated directly against a standardized reducing agent. As the dilute iodine color becomes pale yellow, a few drops of freshly...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Age-period-cohort analysis of low birth weight, early term delivery, induction and csection, US births 1990-2019.

American journal of epidemiology·2026
Same author

Genetic determinants of childhood blood pressure and heart rate in relation to adult health outcomes: the consortium of childhood blood pressure.

European heart journal·2026
Same author

Prenatal exposure to 33 endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pubertal development at age 9 in Spain.

Environmental research·2026
Same author

Activation of anti-inflammatory pathways by polyunsaturated fatty acid signaling may protect neurodevelopment in children prenatally exposed to methylmercury.

Environmental health : a global access science source·2026
Same author

Does cortisol mediate the association between school bullying and weight status in preadolescents?

European child & adolescent psychiatry·2026
Same author

Association between the external urban exposome and systemic inflammation in pregnant women.

Environmental research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Iodine intake and maternal thyroid function during pregnancy.

Marisa Rebagliato1, Mario Murcia, Mercedes Espada

  • 1Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain. rebagli@umh.es

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
|November 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High iodine supplement intake during early pregnancy may increase the risk of maternal thyroid dysfunction, even in areas with sufficient iodine. This study highlights potential risks of excessive iodine supplementation in pregnant women.

More Related Videos

Colorimetric Assessment of Deiodinase 1 Activity in Human Liver Microsomes Using the Sandell-Kolthoff Reaction
08:00

Colorimetric Assessment of Deiodinase 1 Activity in Human Liver Microsomes Using the Sandell-Kolthoff Reaction

Published on: April 10, 2026

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
08:45

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes

Published on: May 10, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Colorimetric Assessment of Deiodinase 1 Activity in Human Liver Microsomes Using the Sandell-Kolthoff Reaction
08:00

Colorimetric Assessment of Deiodinase 1 Activity in Human Liver Microsomes Using the Sandell-Kolthoff Reaction

Published on: April 10, 2026

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
08:45

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes

Published on: May 10, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Adequate iodine intake is crucial for fetal brain development and maternal thyroid hormone synthesis during pregnancy.
  • Limited data exists on iodine supplementation effects in areas with sufficient or mildly deficient iodine intake.
  • This study investigates maternal iodine intake and thyroid function in early pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between maternal iodine intake and supplementation with thyroid function.
  • To assess the safety and effects of iodine supplementation in pregnant women in Spain.
  • To identify risks associated with iodine intake levels before 24 weeks of gestation.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 1844 pregnant women (8-23 weeks gestation) in three Spanish regions (2004-2008).
  • Measured serum free thyroxine, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and spot urine iodine.
  • Assessed dietary iodine, iodized salt, and supplement intake via questionnaires; analyzed associations using regression models.

Main Results:

  • Daily intake of ≥200 µg iodine supplements increased the risk of elevated TSH (aOR=2.5, 95% CI=1.2-5.4) compared to <100 µg/day.
  • No association was found between urinary iodine levels and TSH.
  • Women in the highest urinary iodine area with high supplement use had the lowest serum free thyroxine levels.

Conclusions:

  • Iodine supplementation in the first half of pregnancy may cause maternal thyroid dysfunction.
  • This risk is present even in iodine-sufficient or mildly deficient populations.
  • Findings suggest caution regarding high-dose iodine supplements during early pregnancy.