Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into rapid-acting...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment primarily uses...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Adaptive designs in critical care trials: a simulation study.

BMC medical research methodology·2023
Same author

Humans at extreme altitudes.

BJA education·2021
Same author

Adrenal, thyroid and gonadal axes are affected at high altitude.

Endocrine connections·2018
Same author

The dark ages of maternal sepsis: time to be enlightened.

British journal of anaesthesia·2018
Same author

Early Magnesium Treatment After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.

Stroke·2015
Same author

Resuscitation fluid use in Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Units between 2007 and 2013.

Intensive care medicine·2015
Same journal

Reducing healthcare-associated infections in critically ill children with burn injury.

Minerva anestesiologica·2026
Same journal

Resolution of MRI-related positional myofascial shoulder pain after serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block in a patient undergoing modified radical mastectomy.

Minerva anestesiologica·2026
Same journal

Combining ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block and serratus-intercostal plane block for postoperative analgesia in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery.

Minerva anestesiologica·2026
Same journal

MRI-guided interfascial plane block selection for radical debridement in pediatric hip infection.

Minerva anestesiologica·2026
Same journal

Rectus sheath block for analgesia in open abdominal surgery: a systematic review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

Minerva anestesiologica·2026
Same journal

Highlights from the June 2026 issue.

Minerva anestesiologica·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Intensive insulin treatment.

T M Merz1, S Finfer

  • 1Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital of Sydney, St Leonards, Australia.

Minerva Anestesiologica
|November 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intensive insulin therapy for critically ill patients with hyperglycemia shows mixed results. Current evidence does not support universal strict blood glucose control due to increased hypoglycemia risk.

More Related Videos

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Hyperglycemia is prevalent in acute illness and linked to adverse outcomes in critically ill patients, including those with myocardial infarction, stroke, and trauma.
  • Previous studies on intensive insulin therapy (IIT) for blood glucose normalization yielded varied results, with some showing reduced morbidity and mortality in surgical ICUs but not medical ICUs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intensive insulin therapy in managing hyperglycemia in critically ill patients.
  • To determine if targeting strict normoglycemia improves outcomes in critical care settings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing multicenter studies and meta-analyses on intensive insulin therapy in critically ill populations.
  • Analysis of outcomes, including morbidity, mortality, and hypoglycemia risk, associated with different blood glucose control strategies.

Main Results:

  • Multicenter studies and meta-analyses have not consistently demonstrated improved outcomes with targeted blood glucose normalization in the critically ill.
  • Intensive insulin therapy is associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence does not support universal treatment guidelines for strict normoglycemia targeting in critically ill patients.
  • Further data from large studies like the NICE-SUGAR trial are needed to clarify the role of intensive insulin therapy in critical care.