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Updated: Jun 18, 2026
A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
Published on: April 11, 2025
Adaptive Treg generation by DCs and their functional analysis
1Dartmouth Medical School, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
Naturally occurring thymus-derived CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (nTregs) are critical regulators of immune tolerance. Foxp3(+) Tregs can also be induced from CD25(-) naïve CD4 T cells in vivo and ex vivo. This conversion process requires cytokines such as IL2 and TGFbeta as well as suboptimal TCR stimulation, thus is regulated by the co-stimulatory status of antigen-presenting cells (i.e., dendritic cells). Although mature dendritic cells (DCs) are potent initiators of adaptive immune response, immature steady-state DCs contribute to immune tolerance. In this chapter, we summarize methods that use ex vivo splenic DCs to induce the conversion of naïve CD4(+) T cells to adaptive Foxp3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells (aTreg) in the presence of TGFbeta.
Naturally occurring thymus-derived CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (nTregs) are critical regulators of immune tolerance. Foxp3(+) Tregs can also be induced from CD25(-) naïve CD4 T cells in vivo and ex vivo. This conversion process requires cytokines such as IL2 and TGFbeta as well as suboptimal TCR stimulation, thus is regulated by the co-stimulatory status of antigen-presenting cells (i.e., dendritic cells). Although mature dendritic cells (DCs) are potent initiators of adaptive immune response, immature steady-state DCs contribute to immune tolerance. In this chapter, we summarize methods that use ex vivo splenic DCs to induce the conversion of naïve CD4(+) T cells to adaptive Foxp3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells (aTreg) in the presence of TGFbeta.
