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Related Concept Videos

Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...

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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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[Iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction].

Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin·2020
Same author

[Autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland].

Der Internist·2017
Same author

Clinical Evaluation of the First Automated Assay for the Detection of Stimulating TSH Receptor Autoantibodies.

Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme·2016
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Anti-Thyroperoxidase Antibody Levels >500 IU/ml Indicate a Moderately Increased Risk for Developing Hypothyroidism in Autoimmune Thyroiditis.

Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme·2016
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[The Choosing Wisely Initiative of the German Society of Internal Medicine : Recommendations of the German Society for Endocrinology and the German Society for Geriatrics].

Der Internist·2016
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[Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy].

Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

[Autoimmune thyroiditis: diagnosis and treatment].

J Feldkamp1

  • 1Medizinische Klinik I, Klinikum Bielefeld. joachim.feldkamp@klinikumbielefeld.de

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|November 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is a common autoimmune disease, often affecting women and leading to hypothyroidism. Diagnosis involves antibody tests and ultrasound, with levothyroxine therapy for hypothyroidism.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Immunology
  • Genetics and Autoimmunity

Context:

  • Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder with a significant genetic predisposition.
  • It disproportionately affects women and is a leading cause of acquired hypothyroidism in adulthood.
  • The pathogenesis may involve factors like Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen (CTL-4).

Purpose:

  • To outline the key characteristics, diagnostic methods, and management strategies for autoimmune thyroiditis.
  • To highlight the role of genetic factors and specific antigens in AIT etiology.
  • To describe variations such as postpartum thyroiditis and cytokine-induced thyroiditis.

Summary:

  • AIT diagnosis relies on elevated thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies, alongside ultrasound findings of a hypoechoic thyroid.

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Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
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Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
05:41

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

  • Levothyroxine substitution therapy is essential for managing hypothyroidism secondary to AIT.
  • AIT can manifest as postpartum thyroiditis or arise secondary to cytokine therapy.

    • Impact:

    • Improved understanding of AIT's genetic basis and immunological mechanisms.
    • Enhanced diagnostic accuracy through established serological and imaging markers.
    • Effective management of hypothyroidism and recognition of specific AIT subtypes.