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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...

Overview of Regeneration and Repair

Overview of Regeneration and Repair

Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
Regeneration
All animals have varying degrees of...

Vascular Spasm

Vascular Spasm

The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last for...

Liver Regeneration

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...

Overview of the Vascular System

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The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Regeneration in the CNS Using the Mouse Retina

Assessment of Vascular Regeneration in the CNS Using the Mouse Retina

Published on: June 23, 2014

Vascular and endothelial regeneration.

Louis Casteilla¹, Valérie Planat-Bénard, Béatrice Cousin

¹Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5241 Métabolisme, Plasticité et Mitochondrie, BP 84225 - F-31 432 Toulouse, France. Louis.Casteilla@inserm.fr

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy

|November 28, 2009

Summary

Adipose tissue contains multipotent stem cells, similar to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), with significant pro-angiogenic potential. These findings highlight adipose tissue

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Science
Cell Biology
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis and endocrine functions.
Obesity involves adipose tissue comprising up to 50% of body weight.
Adipocyte progenitors exist in adipose tissue throughout life.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the multipotent nature and characteristics of adipocyte progenitors.
To compare adipose-derived stem cells with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC).
To explore the potential of adipose tissue in regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

Analysis of adipocyte progenitor cell populations within adipose tissue.
Characterization of stem cell-like features and multipotency.
Assessment of pro-angiogenic potential.

Main Results:

Adipocyte progenitors exhibit multipotency, sharing features with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC).
These cells possess specific characteristics and a notable pro-angiogenic capacity.
Adipose tissue is identified as a valuable source for regenerative applications.

Conclusions:

Adipose tissue possesses significant regenerative potential beyond its metabolic roles.
Adipose-derived stem cells offer promising therapeutic avenues, especially for ischemic conditions.
Further research into adipose tissue stem cells could revolutionize regenerative medicine.