Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Rapid Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Influenza Viruses A and B
05:38

Rapid Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Influenza Viruses A and B

Published on: January 30, 2017

Differentiation of two distinct clusters among currently circulating influenza A(H1N1)v viruses, March-September 2009

S R Fereidouni1, M Beer, T Vahlenkamp

  • 1Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. sasan.fereidouni@fli.bund.de

Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Europeen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin
|November 28, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Two distinct clusters of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v virus circulated globally in 2009. Genetic analysis revealed key differences in surface and internal protein genes between these influenza virus strains.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genomics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v virus spread rapidly worldwide.
  • Understanding the genetic diversity of circulating strains is crucial for public health surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the genetic makeup of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v virus strains.
  • To identify distinct genetic clusters within the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v virus population.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of complete influenza A(H1N1)v virus genome sequences.
  • Utilized neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian tree analyses.
  • Examined gene sequences encoding surface (hemagglutinin, neuraminidase) and internal proteins (PB2, NP, M1, NS1).

Main Results:

  • Identified two closely related but distinct genetic clusters of influenza A(H1N1)v virus.
  • Differences were observed in genes for hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, PB2, nucleoprotein, M1, and NS1 proteins.
  • These distinct clusters were circulating concurrently in multiple countries.

Conclusions:

  • The pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v virus exhibited genetic diversification early in the outbreak.
  • Distinct viral lineages may have implications for transmission dynamics and immune response.
  • Continued genomic surveillance is vital for tracking influenza virus evolution.

More Related Videos

An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers06:34

An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers

Published on: December 1, 2017

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes08:52

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes

Published on: July 26, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...