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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Mapping the Cellular Distribution of an Optogenetic Protein Using a Light-Stimulation Grid
Published on: January 26, 2024
Ca(2+)-modulated vision-linked ROS-GC guanylate cyclase transduction machinery
Karl-W Koch1, Teresa Duda, Rameshwar K Sharma
1AG Biochemistry, IBU, Faculty V, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg 26111, Germany.
Abstract:
Vertebrate phototransduction depends on the reciprocal relationship between two-second messengers, cyclic GMP and Ca(2+). The concentration of both is reciprocally regulated including the dynamic synthesis of cyclic GMP by a membrane bound guanylate cyclase. Different from hormone receptor guanylate cyclases, the cyclases operating in phototransduction are regulated by the intracellular Ca(2+)-concentration via small Ca(2+)-binding proteins. Based on the site of their expression and their Ca(2+) modulation, this sub-branch of the cyclase family was named sensory guanylate cyclases, of which the retina specific forms are named ROS-GCs (rod outer segment guanylate cyclases). This review focuses on the structure and function of the ROS-GC subfamily present in the mammalian retinal neurons: photoreceptors and inner layers of the retinal neurons. Portions and excerpts of the review are from a previous chapter (Curr Top Biochem Res 6:111-144, 2004).
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