Related Concept Videos
Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System IV: CMRI
Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...
Brain Imaging
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
You might also read
Related Articles
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Neurometabolites and Antipsychotic Response in Psychosis: A Mega-Analysis.
Microbiome-behavior coupling shapes infant adaptation to early maternal unpredictability.
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Topographical Estimation of Visual Population Receptive Fields by fMRI
Published on: February 3, 2015
Visual gamma oscillations and evoked responses: variability, repeatability and structural MRI correlates.
Suresh D Muthukumaraswamy1, Krish D Singh, Jennifer B Swettenham
1CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Park Place, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK. sdmuthu@cardiff.ac.uk
Visual gamma oscillations show high individual variability but are repeatable within individuals over time. This finding impacts the design of future studies on gamma oscillations in visual processing.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Visual Information Processing
- Electrophysiology
Background:
- Gamma oscillations (approximately 40 Hz) are increasingly studied for their role in visual processing.
- Limited data exists on the repeatability and inter-individual variability of induced gamma oscillations.
- Normative data for gamma oscillation parameters is lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the intra-individual repeatability of visual gamma oscillations.
- To establish the first normative data for visual gamma oscillation parameters.
- To explore inter-individual variability in gamma oscillation frequency, bandwidth, and amplitude.
Main Methods:
- Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to record visual gamma oscillations.
- Participants underwent repeated recording sessions to assess repeatability.
- Analysis focused on frequency, bandwidth, amplitude, and morphology of gamma band responses.
Main Results:
- Evoked responses demonstrated high repeatability across sessions.
- Induced visual gamma oscillations exhibited significant inter-individual variability in frequency, bandwidth, and amplitude.
- These gamma oscillation parameters remained stable within individuals for at least 4 weeks.
- Gamma frequency was found to decline with age and correlate positively with pericalcarine cortex thickness.
Conclusions:
- High inter-individual variability necessitates large sample sizes for between-group gamma oscillation studies.
- High intra-individual repeatability makes gamma oscillation parameters suitable for repeated-measures designs, such as pharmacological studies.
- Observed dissociations between evoked responses and gamma oscillations suggest distinct underlying generative mechanisms.
- Age-related decline and cortical thickness correlation provide further insights into gamma oscillation dynamics.

