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Related Concept Videos

Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
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Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

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Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
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Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
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Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...

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Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation
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Published on: February 29, 2020

Cryptococcal meningitis with isolated otologic symptoms.

Aaron C Moberly1, Ilka C Naumann, Susan R Cordes

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. acmoberl@iupui.edu

American Journal of Otolaryngology
|December 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This case study highlights an unusual presentation of cryptococcal meningitis, where sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was the primary symptom. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial, even in non-immunocompromised individuals, to manage hearing complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a recognized complication of cryptococcal meningitis.
  • Cryptococcal meningitis typically affects immunocompromised individuals.

Observation:

  • A non-immunocompromised patient presented with gait instability and sudden, progressive bilateral SNHL.
  • Diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis was confirmed via cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

Findings:

  • The patient received systemic antifungal treatment for cryptococcal meningitis.
  • Despite treatment, the patient's hearing loss persisted, indicating potential challenges in auditory recovery.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering cryptococcal meningitis in patients with unexplained SNHL, regardless of immune status.
  • Further research is needed to understand and improve outcomes for otologic manifestations of fungal meningitis.