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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Published on: January 7, 2019

Virally mediated immunotherapy for brain tumors.

Pankaj K Agarwalla1, Zachary R Barnard, William T Curry

  • 1Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America
|December 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Malignant brain tumors have a poor prognosis, necessitating novel therapies. This review explores how viral therapy and cancer immunotherapy, alone or combined, offer promising new treatment strategies for brain tumors.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Malignant brain tumors are a significant cause of death and disability.
  • Current survival rates for malignant brain tumors remain low, highlighting the need for advanced therapeutic approaches.
  • Advances in molecular biology have enabled the development of viral therapies for cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intersection of viral therapy and cancer immunotherapy for treating malignant gliomas.
  • To discuss the potential of these approaches as standalone or integrated treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on viral therapy and cancer immunotherapy in preclinical and clinical settings.
  • Analysis of the synergistic potential between virotherapy and immunotherapy for brain tumor treatment.

Main Results:

  • Viral therapies show promise as direct cytotoxic agents and gene vectors against brain tumors.
  • Cancer immunotherapy aims to stimulate the host immune system to reject tumors.
  • Preclinical models indicate significant antitumor effects for viral therapies, with feasible clinical-grade vector production.

Conclusions:

  • Both viral therapy and immunotherapy demonstrate considerable promise for treating malignant gliomas.
  • Combined or integrated approaches of viral therapy and immunotherapy may offer enhanced efficacy for brain tumor treatment.