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Published on: July 3, 2025
A gene signature of primary tumor identifies metastasized seminoma
Matthias Port1, Yu Wang, Hans Ulrich Schmelz
1Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Background:
The aim of this study was the prediction of metastatic status in seminoma based on examination of the primary tumor.
Methods:
Total RNA was isolated from metastasized seminoma (n = 10, T1N1-2M0), non-metastasized seminoma (n = 21, T1-3N0M0), and corresponding normal tissues. Pooled RNA from 10 biopsies of each tissue type was hybridized on whole genome microarrays for screening purposes. Ninety-two selected gene candidates were quantitatively examined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTQ-PCR).
Results:
Agreement in gene expression was 88% between the whole genome microarrays and RTQ-PCR. Metastasized seminoma showed 1,912 up-regulated and 2,179 down-regulated genes with ≥ 2-fold differences in gene expression compared non-metastasized seminoma. RTQ-PCR of selected genes showed that mean gene expression values were significantly reduced in metastasized compared with non-metastasized seminoma. The presence of metastases could be predicted based on an 85-gene expression signature by using logistic regression. Sensitivity and accuracy of the 10-fold cross-validation model were 77.8% and 84.2%, respectively.
Conclusion:
A logistic regression model using an 85 gene expression signature allowed identification of metastasized seminoma from the primary tumor with a sensitivity of 77.8%.
