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Related Concept Videos

The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs like...
Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

An Immature Murine Model of Reversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction
06:37

An Immature Murine Model of Reversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

Published on: April 4, 2025

Voiding school for children with idiopathic urinary incontinence and/or bladder dysfunction.

Gunilla Glad Mattsson1, Monica Brännström, Monica Eldh

  • 1Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, University of Linköping, Sweden. gunilla.glad.mattsson@lio.se

Journal of Pediatric Urology
|December 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Group urotherapy, known as voiding school (VS), offers a successful alternative to individual treatment for children with bladder dysfunction. This approach effectively improves continence and reduces urinary tract infections, demonstrating significant clinical benefits.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

An Immature Murine Model of Reversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction
06:37

An Immature Murine Model of Reversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

Published on: April 4, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Behavioral Pediatrics

Background:

  • Individually applied urotherapy is the standard first-line treatment for pediatric bladder dysfunction.
  • A novel group-based urotherapy approach was developed and assessed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a group urotherapy program, termed voiding school (VS), for children with bladder dysfunction.
  • To compare the outcomes of group urotherapy with traditional individual treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Two hundred children (aged 3-14 years) with bladder dysfunction and incontinence participated in small-group urotherapy sessions (VS).
  • Outcomes were assessed using voiding/leakage diaries, questionnaires, uroflowmetry, and post-void residual urine measurements at 3 and 12 months.

Main Results:

  • At 3 and 12 months, 35% and 40% of children were cured, respectively, with an additional 30% and 34% showing improvement.
  • Urinary tract infections significantly decreased from 34% to 6% post-VS (P<0.0001).
  • Median post-void residual urine reduced from 15 ml to 6 ml after 3 months (P<0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Voiding school (VS) presents a viable and effective alternative to individual urotherapy for pediatric bladder dysfunction.
  • The group approach resulted in reduced urinary tract infections and improved urinary continence.
  • Group urotherapy is anticipated to offer financial advantages over individual treatment models.